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How to Set Up Two-Factor Authentication in WordPress: A Step-by-Step Guide

Did you know you can set up two-factor authentication in WordPress? If you’re unsure whether to integrate this security feature into your WordPress website, here’s something to consider: How many accounts do you have online? Are they all password-protected? How many of those accounts share the same password? If an unwanted visitor gains access to one account, it’s likely they could access others as well. The problem becomes even worse if you use easy-to-guess passwords or log in over public networks (we suggest using a VPN to encrypt your traffic if you will use a public network). Is your password the name of your dog? Your wedding date? Have you written it down in a journal?

Every day, bots attack thousands of WordPress websites, exposing visitors to malware. Websites infested with bots are often de-listed by search engines like Google. Hosting providers may block access to such sites, and targeted traffic starts to plummet. All your hard work can be reduced to nothing. If you want to go beyond two-factor authentication (2FA), Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) provides additional layers of security, combining passwords with biometrics or security tokens for even greater protection against threats.

 

What is Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)?

Passwords can be compromised, especially through brute-force attacks. Relying solely on a password for security is referred to as single-factor authentication (SFA). This is where a second layer of security, beyond a simple password, can help. Two-factor authentication (2FA or TFA) adds this extra layer. In fact, many popular websites (e.g., Facebook, Gmail, PayPal) use two-factor authentication to enhance security and reduce breaches, even if a user’s credentials are leaked.

So, what exactly is 2FA? Essentially, it’s a process that requires users to verify their identity with something they own, in addition to their password.

In general, 2FA doesn’t replace the password; it complements it with one additional step that only the user (you, as the administrator) can access.

Here’s an example of how it works

You log in as usual, then a message appears, telling you that a code was sent to your device. You receive and enter that code that was sent to your phone, another device, or email. This code, often called a One-Time Password (OTP), is delivered to a registered mobile number or email address. Without this extra code, hackers cannot access your website, even if they have your password.

In summary, in two-factor authentication, there must be two distinct categories of authentication:

• Something you know (e.g., a password or PIN).
• Something you have (e.g., a security token or a smartphone with an authenticator app).
• Something you are (e.g., biometrics like fingerprints or facial recognition).

 

What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a security process that requires users to verify their identity using multiple methods before gaining access to a system or account. Instead of relying solely on a password, MFA adds extra layers of protection, often combining something the user knows (like a password), something the user has (like a mobile device or security token), and sometimes even something unique to the user, like a fingerprint or facial recognition. This approach significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access, as it makes it harder for attackers to breach accounts, even if they have stolen one form of authentication. It’s a powerful tool in keeping personal and business data safe in today’s digital world.

For MFA to be in effect, there must be at least two layers of authentication that go beyond the typical 2FA combination (see the 2FA how it works section above). For instance:

• Biometrics (something you are) paired with a security token (something you have) surpasses the basic two-factor setup.
• If a password (something you know) is added alongside these two, it further strengthens the layers of authentication.

MFA is essentially an extension of 2FA, offering increased security by using three or more factors. So, for example, while biometrics and security tokens could be part of MFA, they alone would not be considered MFA unless paired with additional verification methods.

 

What is the difference between Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) and Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)?

The key difference between Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) and Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) lies in the number of authentication steps.

2FA requires exactly two separate factors to verify a user’s identity. For example, a password and a one-time code sent to their email address.

MFA, on the other hand, is a broader concept that encompasses 2FA but can include three or more authentication layers. For instance, MFA might combine a password, a fingerprint scan (biometric factor), and a security token. While 2FA provides a strong barrier against unauthorized access, MFA offers an even more comprehensive defense, especially suited for environments requiring higher levels of security.

Essentially, all 2FA is MFA, but not all MFA is 2FA.

Keep in mind that while security is crucial, it’s equally important to maintain ease of access for your clients and visitors. Striking the right balance is key. You don’t want to make it too difficult on your clients and visitors. For most situations, two-factor authentication offers sufficient protection. A simple combination of password login followed by a verification code sent to their email typically provides both security and convenience.

 

Methods for Obtaining the Verification Code

Before implementing 2FA on your system, it’s helpful to understand how the second step works so you can choose the method best suited for you. The verification code can be obtained through methods such as these:

1. Email Services: The code is sent directly to your registered email address.
2. SMS: The code is sent to your mobile phone via a text message.
3. App-Generated Codes: Apps like Google Authenticator generate a new code at short intervals. When logging in, you manually input the code currently displayed. Some setup may be required.
4. USB Tokens: This method involves inserting a USB token into your device and entering a token password. It is highly secure as the authentication process cannot be intercepted. However, it may not work with mobile phones since a USB port is required (though you could use a USB-C to USB-A adapter, which is important to have around).

The first two methods require Internet or cellular data connectivity, while the last two do not.

 

Popular Forms of 2FA and MFA

While the above list highlights security methods that work by receiving and entering a code, there are many other methods that do not require the use of a verification code.

Here is a comprehensive list of the most popular forms of 2FA and MFA, including both code-based and non-code based authentication methods, currently employed by various services:

• PIN-Based Authentication: Entering a secondary PIN code that only you know.
• Knowledge-Based Authentication (KBA): Answering security questions (e.g., “What was the name of your first pet?”).
• Email-Based Authentication: Receiving and entering a code sent to your email address.
• SMS-Based Authentication: Receiving and entering a code sent to your phone via text message (SMS).
• Phone Call-Based Authentication: Receiving a voice call that provides a one-time password or requires voice confirmation.
• Authenticator App-Based Authentication: Entering a code from an authenticator application, such as Microsoft Authenticator or Google Authenticator.
• Push-Based Authentication or Push Notification Authentication: Confirming your login on a related app via a push notification sent to your registered device. The app prompts the user to approve or deny the login attempt with a simple tap (e.g., the Wise bank app (previously TransferWise) asking you to confirm by tapping “Approve” or “Yes”).
• Biometric Authentication: Fingerprint verification using a fingerprint sensor (e.g., on your laptop or mobile device).
• Hardware Token Authentication: Using a physical USB security key or device, such as USB tokens, to authenticate login access.
• Security Token Authentication: Using a physical or digital security token to verify identity during login. These tokens may generate one-time passwords (OTPs), function as hardware devices like USB keys, or generate login codes without requiring a USB connection.
• Backup Code Authentication: Entering pre-generated backup codes as a fallback method to regain access when other authentication options (such as SMS or authenticator apps) are unavailable.

Here are specialized 2FA and MFA methods:

• QR Code-Based Authentication: Scanning a QR code with an authenticator app to verify login.
• Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP): Generating a temporary password that changes every few seconds, often used in authenticator apps.
• HMAC-Based One-Time Password (HOTP): HMAC stands for Hash-based Message Authentication Code. A similar system to TOTP, but codes remain valid until used.
• Phone Call-Based Authentication: Receiving a voice call that provides a one-time password or requires voice confirmation.
• Bluetooth-Based Authentication: Using Bluetooth to verify identity, often requiring proximity between devices.
• Smart Card Authentication: Using a physical smart card inserted into a device for authentication, common in enterprise security.
• Behavioral-Based Authentication: Analyzing keystroke patterns, mouse movements, or other behavioral biometrics.
• Geolocation-Based Authentication: Restricting login attempts based on a user’s physical location or known IP addresses.
• FIDO2/WebAuthn Authentication: Using cryptographic security keys, such as YubiKeys, to authenticate without passwords.
• Pattern-Based Authentication: Drawing a pattern on a touch screen (common in mobile device security).

 

Choosing the Right Service

As you can see, there are many to choose from and not all services and WordPress plugins offer all these options, so you’ll need to decide which works best for you. Some services provide multiple options, allowing you to choose from a dropdown menu. If you opt to use WordPress plugins to integrate 2FA, the setup process will be more convenient for you.

During the setup process, you might also be provided with recovery codes. Be sure to note these down and store them securely. These backup codes will help you recover your account in case you get locked out due to 2FA/MFA.

 

Recommended WordPress Plugins for 2FA

To simplify setting up two-factor authentication on your WordPress site, we’ve compiled a list of the best 2FA plugins. These plugins are user-friendly, include clear setup instructions, and come with comprehensive documentation. You shouldn’t encounter any difficulties. Feel free to share your favorite 2FA plugins or raise any security concerns in the comments section below.

Without further ado, let’s get started!

 

1. Google Authenticator

The first plugin on our list is Google Authenticator by miniOrange, a trusted WordPress plugin developer. This plugin provides a comprehensive solution for securing your WordPress login pages without requiring you to spend a dime.

Google Authenticator is an excellent two-factor authentication plugin for WordPress that is both simple to set up and user-friendly. It comes with an impressive range of features designed to keep even the most persistent hackers at bay.

Some of the key features of the plugin include a sleek user interface, multiple authentication methods (supporting even Microsoft Authenticator), multi-language support, TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) and HOTP (HMAC-based One-Time Password) support, brute force attack prevention, IP blocking, customizable security questions, support for various WordPress form plugins, GDPR compliance, and a vast array of premium features.

The core version of the plugin is free for a single user, and you can usually find assistance on the plugin’s support forum.

 

 2. Two-Factor

The Two-Factor WordPress plugin is a completely free and open-source project led by George Stephanis, with contributions from various other developers. It is one of the most straightforward two-factor authentication plugins you can use for your WordPress site.

After installing the plugin, navigate to Users > Your Profile and scroll down to the Two-Factor Options section. Here, you can enable and configure your desired two-factor authentication settings.

This plugin supports four authentication methods:

1. Email Codes: Verification codes sent directly to your email address.
2. Time-Based One-Time Password (TOTP): A dynamic password generated using apps like Google Authenticator.
3. FIDO Universal 2nd Factor (U2F): A hardware-based authentication method requiring a USB security key.
4. Backup Verification Codes: Single-use codes that you can store securely for emergencies.

There is also a dummy method available, which is particularly useful for testing purposes. Beyond these features, the plugin supports 15 languages and has more than 80,000 active installations at the time of writing.

The plugin performs exceptionally well and is reliable for enhancing WordPress security. It would be exciting to see a premium version in the future, offering even more advanced features.

 

3. WordPress 2-step verification

Have you found a two-factor authentication plugin for WordPress that suits your needs yet? If not, we’re happy to introduce the WordPress 2-step verification plugin by as247, a talented PHP developer from Vietnam.

Rest assured, you won’t have to worry about hackers stealing your login credentials when using this plugin. The WordPress 2-Step Verification plugin incorporates robust 2FA security measures into your login page, ensuring attackers remain locked out of your admin area.

The plugin is easy to install and configure, and you can have everything set up in just 10 minutes. If you encounter any issues, as247 offers helpful assistance through the WordPress.org support forums.

Features That Stand Out

WordPress 2-Step Verification comes packed with a variety of impressive features, including:

• Multi-Site Support: Perfect for managing multiple WordPress installations.
• Email Codes: Verification codes sent to your registered email.
• App-Generated Codes: Dynamic codes generated by apps like Google Authenticator.
• SMS Verification: Codes delivered via text message.
• Backup Codes: Handy for emergencies when your usual verification method is unavailable.

Additionally, if you lose access to your phone or verification code, the plugin allows easy recovery via FTP—a lifesaver in critical situations. You can also deactivate 2-step verification on trusted devices, such as your personal computer.

Wondering how the plugin supports app-generated codes? As247 provides an Authenticator App on the Play Store, which makes it easy to generate secure passwords for applications that don’t support 2-step verification.

Customizability and Compatibility

Need help personalizing your WordPress theme? There are numerous companies offering top-notch WordPress theme customization services to suit your requirements.

Currently, the plugin does not support the Gutenberg Editor, so you’ll need to activate the Classic Editor instead. Work is underway to add support for Gutenberg, but if you’re comfortable using the Classic Editor, the WordPress 2-Step Verification plugin is an excellent choice.

 

4. Rublon Two-Factor Authentication

The fourth plugin on our list is Rublon Two-Factor Authentication. The primary goal of this remarkable WordPress plugin is to keep unauthorized users out, and it accomplishes this effortlessly. It offers a straightforward way to enable two-factor authentication on your WordPress website.

The Rublon Two-Factor Authentication plugin is extremely user-friendly and easy to install. You don’t need any technical expertise or special training to get started. Simply install the plugin, then connect it to the Rublon API using a system token and security key.

After completing these steps, you’ll receive a confirmation link via email. Once you verify your identity, you can configure additional options to enhance your site’s security.

Features and Functionality

Rublon supports a wide range of two-factor authentication methods, including:

• Email Verification
• SMS Codes
• QR Code Scanning
• Push Notifications
• Time-Based One-Time Passwords (TOTP)

Additionally, you can whitelist trusted devices, eliminating the need for two-factor authentication during future logins on these devices.

User Experience

The plugin offers an intuitive and user-friendly back-end interface, making it easy to integrate two-factor authentication into your WordPress website. It supports five languages and receives glowing reviews from both security professionals and beginners alike. Users frequently praise its functionality and reliability.

 

5. Gateway API

If the other two-factor authentication plugins on our list don’t meet your needs for ease of use, let us introduce you to GatewayAPI. This handy and straightforward plugin is more than just a two-factor authentication tool—it’s a powerful engine that lets you send SMS messages directly from the WordPress admin panel. On top of that, it includes a free, user-friendly two-factor authentication feature.

Key Features of GatewayAPI

GatewayAPI is packed with useful features, including:

• Customizable SMS Content: Add tailored information to your messages.
• CSV Import: Easily upload recipient lists.
• Bulk Messaging: Send SMS messages to large groups at once.
• Recipient Segmentation: Create and manage groups for targeted messaging.
• Short Codes: Simplify message handling.
• Ease of Use: A clean, intuitive interface that anyone can navigate.
• Reauthorization Options: Reauthorize at every login or remember trusted devices for 30 days.
• Inbox Functionality: Receive and read incoming messages directly through your phone number.
• And much more!

Getting Started with GatewayAPI

To get started, simply install the plugin and sign up for a free account at GatewayAPI.com. Don’t worry if you run into any difficulties, the plugin comes with a detailed step-by-step guide, complete with screenshots, making the setup process seamless. Honestly, you might not even need to read the documentation to enable two-factor authentication. It’s that simple!

 

6. Duo Two Factor Authentication

The Duo Plugin makes integrating two-factor security into your WordPress website easy and straightforward. Users and admins can verify their identities using devices they already own, such as hardware tokens or mobile phones. Additionally, this plugin helps you monitor user activities on your site, adding an extra layer of accountability.

How to Use the Duo Plugin

To start using the plugin:

1. Install and activate it on your WordPress site.
2. Subscribe to Duo’s services to access security keys.
3. Define the specific user roles that require two-factor authentication.

Authentication Options

The Duo Plugin offers multiple authentication methods:

• SMS OTPs: One-time passwords sent to mobile phones via messaging services.
• Hardware Token OTPs: Passwords generated by physical devices.
• Duo Mobile App: Users can generate OTPs or use one-tap authentication through the app.
• Call-Back Authentication: Duo calls the user’s phone for confirmation.

These versatile options ensure secure and flexible authentication for all users.

 

Which Plugin is Right for You?

We hope this list has helped you find your favorite two-factor authentication plugin. There are also all-in-one security suites like Wordfence, Solid Security, and All-In-One Security (AIOS) that include 2FA and a host of other security features. If you’re still undecided, we recommend installing them all and trying them out. The beauty of WordPress is how quick you can do all of that. Install a plugin, activate it, and test it out. Not happy? Deactivate and delete it.

 

Final Thoughts

Remember, WordPress Security is a vital aspect of maintaining a successful website. Implementing two-factor authentication is an effective way to keep unauthorized users out of your WordPress admin area. By requiring an extra verification step, 2FA protects your site against security breaches, brute force attacks, and compromised login credentials.

Whether you opt for WordPress plugins or other integration methods, setting up 2FA is a simple yet powerful way to enhance your website’s security. Taking the time to implement this precautionary measure will give you peace of mind and contribute to the long-term reliability of your online presence. Stay proactive and prioritize security to keep your WordPress site safe from potential threats.

Which 2FA plugin is your favorite? Do you have any questions, concerns, or tips to share? We’d love to hear from you in the comments section.